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Psychotherapy for self-stigma among rural clients
The stigma of mental disorders and psychological treatment afflicts rural clients more than most. This article provides practitioners with guidance in selecting and utilizing effective treatments for self-stigma in rural settings. We review both public stigma and self-stigma. Public stigma explains society's negative impact on individuals, while self-stigma describes an individual's internalization of public stigma. We review treatment principles and empirical research on psychotherapy for self-stigma rural settings. We finish with a case illustration of cognitive therapy with a rural client suffering from self-stigma. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 66:1-13, 2010.
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Ethical challenges of practicing in rural areas
Journal of Clinical PsychologyMental health professionals practicing in rural areas face ethical dilemmas different from those experienced by their urban counterparts and may find that the existing ethics literature and American Psychological Association (APA, ) ethics code not particularly helpful. We highlight parts of five standards from the APA ethics code to illustrate the dilemmas rural practitioners frequently confront and offer suggestions for how to handle them. We discuss competence, human relations, and confidentiality as specific areas and then examine assessment and therapy as broader situations in which dilemmas may occur. We use case examples to highlight complications that may arise in rural areas. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 66:1-12, 2010.
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Psychotherapy with rural religious fundamentalist clients
Journal of Clinical PsychologySuccessful psychotherapy with rural fundamentalist Christians requires psychologists to understand the clients' culture and worldview. They often rely heavily on religious authorities, interpret Scriptures literally, adhere to strict moral codes of behavior, and believe that they should evangelize those around them. Common therapeutic challenges include: spiritualizing problems, relational conflicts related to gender role expectations, addiction problems, and the religious agendas of family and clergy. We recommend that psychotherapists evaluate their own attitudes, collaborate with community gatekeepers, sensitively address clients' rigid beliefs, address religious differences, and take a holistic approach to treatment. A case example illustrates this approach. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 66:1-11, 2010.
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Rural mental health and psychological treatment: a review for practitioners
Journal of Clinical PsychologyPractitioners in rural areas face particular challenges in providing psychological services, ranging from disparate rates of mental disorders to unique circumstances in treating special populations. In this article, we discuss the burden of mental disorders in rural areas, current trends in integration of mental health care and primary care, and unique concerns practitioners face in treating two special populations in rural areas (children and families, and older adults and their caregivers). Implications for practice are also discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 66:1-11, 2010.
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Pravastatin and cognitive function in the elderly. Results of the PROSPER study.
pubmed: (cognitive behavior ...Related Articles Pravastatin and cognitive function in the elderly. Results of the PROSPER study.
J Neurol. 2010 Jan;257(1):85-90
Authors: Trompet S, van Vliet P, de Craen AJ, Jolles J, Buckley BM, Murphy MB, Ford I, Macfarlane PW, Sattar N, Packard CJ, Stott DJ, Shepherd J, Bollen EL, Blauw GJ, Jukema JW, Westendorp RG
Observational studies have given conflicting results about the effect of statins in preventing dementia and cognitive decline. Moreover, observational studies are subject to prescription bias, making it hard to draw definite conclusions from them. Randomized controlled trials are therefore the preferred study design to investigate the association between statins and cognition. Here we present detailed cognitive outcomes from the randomized placebo-controlled PROspective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk (PROSPER). Cognitive function was assessed repeatedly in all 5,804 PROSPER participants at six different time points during the study using four neuropsychological performance tests. After a mean follow-up period of 42 months, no difference in cognitive decline at any of the cognitive domains was found in subjects treated with pravastatin compared to placebo (all p > 0.05). Pravastatin treatment in old age did not affect cognitive decline during a 3 year follow-up period. Employing statin therapy in the elderly in an attempt to prevent cognitive decline therefore seems to be futile.
PMID: 19653027 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Eating disorders.
pubmed: psychotherapy and ((...Related Articles Eating disorders.
Lancet. 2010 Feb 13;375(9714):583-93
Authors: Treasure J, Claudino AM, Zucker N
This Seminar adds to the previous Lancet Seminar about eating disorders, published in 2003, with an emphasis on the biological contributions to illness onset and maintenance. The diagnostic criteria are in the process of review, and the probable four new categories are: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and eating disorder not otherwise specified. These categories will also be broader than they were previously, which will affect the population prevalence; the present lifetime prevalence of all eating disorders is about 5%. Eating disorders can be associated with profound and protracted physical and psychosocial morbidity. The causal factors underpinning eating disorders have been clarified by understanding about the central control of appetite. Cultural, social, and interpersonal elements can trigger onset, and changes in neural networks can sustain the illness. Overall, apart from studies reporting pharmacological treatments for binge eating disorder, advances in treatment for adults have been scarce, other than interest in new forms of treatment delivery.
PMID: 19931176 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Creating Conditions for Success Beyond the Professional Training Environment
[Clin Psychol Sci Prac 17: 31[ndash]35, 2010] The systems-contextual approach to training of service providers to deliver evidence-based practices provides a useful framework for considering the broader ecological context within providers' work, including organizational, training, program design, supervision, and funding variables. Our experience of disseminating on a large scale an evidence-based system of parenting interventions is used to highlight the major organizational, structural, and systemic challenges that need to be addressed to ensure that programs are effectively used within service delivery systems. Solutions to these challenges and implications for policy and practice are discussed.
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What Does "Work" Mean? Reopening the Debate About Clinical Significance
Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice[Clin Psychol Sci Prac 17: 48[ndash]51, 2010] Researchers and practitioners have long debated the meaning and measurement of clinical significance. Shearer-Underhill and Marker (2010) offer a valuable contribution to this discussion by drawing the psychotherapy research community's attention to an additional statistical method for measuring clinical significance[mdash]the number needed to treat. After a decrease in publication rates in the last 5 years on methods for measuring clinical significance, the article by Shearer-Underhill and Marker represents a renewed interest in the construct of clinical significance of treatment outcome results. This commentary discusses the importance of the article by elaborating on the theoretical and methodological issues that cut across measures of clinical significance. Strengths and weaknesses of specific statistical methods are reviewed and a call is made for continued pursuit of conceptual clarity and methodological rigor for measures of clinical significance.
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When Technology Fails: Getting Back to Nature
Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice[Clin Psychol Sci Prac 17: 72[ndash]81, 2010] Research on substance use disorders has produced a slew of disappointments in studies designed to confirm basic principles of the technology approach to treatment dissemination. These setbacks should inspire addictions science to pursue complementary paths of inquiry that focus on evidence-based practices delivered under naturalistic conditions. This will require larger accommodations to, and closer partnerships with, the indigenous cultures of everyday care.
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Allegiance or Fidelity? A Clarifying Reply
Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice[Clin Psychol Sci Prac 17: 82[ndash]89, 2010] Recently, in the journal Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, there appeared a systematic review (Blair, Marcus, & Boccaccini, 2008) accompanied by a commentary (Lilienfeld & Jones, 2008) suggesting an "allegiance effect" in the reporting of the predictive accuracy of actuarial risk assessment systems. The authors of these two articles suggested some possible errors or misrepresentation on the part of original developers or other researchers and proposed some remedies. We examined these two articles in conjunction with all the available evidence for the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide and Sex Offender Risk Appraisal Guide and concluded there is no evidence of an allegiance effect.
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Trauma Type and Posttrauma Outcomes: Differences Between Survivors of Motor Vehicle Accidents, Sexual Assault, and Bereavement
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High School Teachers' Experiences With Suicidal Students: A Descriptive Study
Journal of Loss and Trauma: Articles recently published in -
Generational Trauma, Attachment, and Spiritual/Religious Interventions
Journal of Loss and Trauma: Articles recently published in -
Trauma and Natural Disaster: The Case of Earthquakes in Greece
Journal of Loss and Trauma: Articles recently published in -
When Should Clinicians Switch Treatments?: An Application of Signal Detection Theory to Two Treatments for Women with Alcohol Use Disorders☆
Publication year: 2010
Source: Behaviour Research and Therapy, In Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available online 7 March 2010
Tom, Hildebrandt , Barbara, McCrady , Elizabeth, Epstein , Sharon, Cook , Noelle, Jensen
Statistical application of signal detection theory has been used to study the clinical utility of early treatment response in a range of treatments and psychiatric disorders. The current study sought to examine the predictive value of weekly within-treatment drinking using receiver operator curves (ROCs) and zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) regression in102 women with alcohol use disorders (AUDs) randomized to either alcohol behavioral individual treatment (ABIT; n = 52) or alcohol behavioral couples treatment (ABCT; n = 50). ROC analyses indicated that failure to achieve or sustain abstinence by the end-of-treatment and one year follow-up was predicted with reasonable accuracy by week-4... -
Exposure to a novel context after extinction causes a renewal of extinguished conditioned responses: Implications for the treatment of fear
Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne - Vol 51, Iss 1Publication year: 2010
Source: Behaviour Research and Therapy, In Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available online 7 March 2010
David L., Neumann , Edward, Kitlertsirivatana
Renewal gives an experimental model for the relapse of fear symptoms following exposure therapy. While renewal of extinguished fear in humans has been observed following a return to the original context in which fear was acquired (ABA design), it has been more difficult to show upon presentation of a novel context (ABC design). The present experiment used a particularly strong context manipulation in a fear conditioning procedure. Context was manipulated by using large photographs of real environments taken from various angles and was present throughout the entire experiment. A renewal of cognitive expectancy was found in both ABA and ABC... -
Tailoring a cognitive behavioural model for unexplained physical symptoms to patient's perspective: a bottom-up approach
Clinical Psychology & PsychotherapyThe prevalence of unexplained physical symptoms (UPS) in primary care is at least 33%. Cognitive behavioural therapy has shown to be effective. Within cognitive behavioural therapy, three models can be distinguished: reattribution model, coping model and consequences model. The consequences model, labelling psychosocial stress in terms of consequences rather than as causes of UPS, has high acceptance among patients and is effective in academic medical care. This acceptance is lost when applied in primary care. To increase acceptance of the consequences model among patients in primary care, we tailor this model to patient's perspective by approaching the model from bottom-up instead of top-down. Subsequently, we use this tailored model in an easily accessible group training. We illustrate our approach using two illustrative cases. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message:[bull] The prevalence of unexplained physical symptoms (UPS) in primary care is at least 33%.[bull] Cognitive behavioural therapy has shown to be most effective for UPS. The most interesting cognitive behavioural model is the consequences model because 81% of the patients with UPS in secondary care accepts a therapy based on this model.[bull] The consequences model labels psychosocial stress as consequences rather than as causes of UPS and aims to change the consequences in that UPS reduces.[bull] The acceptance of the consequences model drops in primary care, making a therapy based on this model not feasible for primary care.[bull] If the acceptance of the consequences model in primary care could be raised by tailoring this model more closely to patients' perspective of their symptoms approaching the model innovatively from bottom-up, then the opportunity of a positive outcome for patients in primary care could be improved.Trial registration:Nederlands Trial Register, NTR1609
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The mindfulness-based relapse prevention adherence and competence scale: Development, interrater reliability, and validity
Psychotherapy Research: Articles recently published in -
Does Family Matter to HIV-Positive Men Who Have Sex With Men?
Journal of Marital and Family TherapyMost studies have indicated that friends or families of choice provide more support to HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) than members of the family of origin. The creation of families of choice by MSM has been viewed as a means of creating a support system in the absence of traditional family. The purpose of this study is to explore if HIV-positive MSM believe family of origin is important. Data were drawn from a qualitative study of HIV disclosure to family. Responses to the question, "How important is family to you?" are explored. Results suggest that for many HIV-positive MSM, relationships with family of origin are very important. While not definitive, data to be presented are provocative and challenge notions of the significance of family of origin to marginalized populations.
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The Role of Verbal Threat Information in the Development of Childhood Fear. “Beware the Jabberwock!”
Clinical Child and Family Psychology ReviewAbstractRachman’s (Behaviour Research and Therapy 15:372–387, 1977; Clinical Psychology Review 11:155–173, 1991) three pathways theory proposed that childhood fears not only arise as a consequence of direct learning experiences, but
can also be elicited by means of threat information transmission. This review looks at the scientific evidence for this idea,
which has accumulated during the past three decades. We review research on the influences of media exposure on children’s
fears, retrospective parent and child reports on the role of threat information in fear acquisition, and experimental studies
that explored the causal effects of threat information on childhood fears. We also discuss possible mechanisms by which threat
information exerts its influence and the processes relevant to understand the role of this type of learning experience in
the origins of fear. Finally, implications for the prevention and intervention of childhood fears are briefly explored, and
potential leads for future research will be highlighted.- Content Type Journal Article
- DOI 10.1007/s10567-010-0064-1
- Authors
- Peter Muris, Erasmus University Rotterdam Institute of Psychology Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, Suite T13-37, Postbus 1738 3000 DR Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Andy P. Field, University of Sussex Brighton United Kingdom
- Journal Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review
- Online ISSN 1573-2827
- Print ISSN 1096-4037
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Link between brain chemical, cognitive decline in schizophrenia demonstrated
ScienceDaily: Mind & Brain NewsIn one of the first such studies involving human patients with schizophrenia, researchers have provided evidence that deficits in a brain chemical may be responsible for some of the debilitating cognitive deficits -- poor attention, memory and problem-solving abilities -- that accompany the delusions and hallucinations that are the hallmarks of the disorder.
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Molecule tells key brain cells to grow up, get to work
ScienceDaily: Mind & Brain NewsAbout four out of every 10 cells in the brain are so-called oligodendrocytes. These cells produce the all-important myelin that coats nerve tracts, ensuring fast, energy-efficient transmission of nerve impulses. Scientists have now identified a molecular master switch that catalyzes these cells' transition to mature, myelin-making mavens.
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Medicare Cuts? Bah! No Need to Panic
Medscape Psychiatry & Mental Health HeadlinesA 21.2% Medicare reimbursement cut would be disastrous, but this practice management expert believes it won't happen because of the catastrophic fallout.
Medscape Business of Medicine -
Emergency Steps for Your Practice if Medicare Cuts Take Effect
Medscape Psychiatry & Mental Health HeadlinesIf the 21.2% cut to Medicare reimbursement takes effect, many doctors will have trouble covering overhead and staying in practice. Practice management experts give advice on how to survive.
Medscape Business of Medicine -
Discovery of 'fat' taste could hold the key to reducing obesity
ScienceDaily: Mind & Brain NewsA newly discovered ability for people to taste fat could hold the key to reducing obesity, researchers believe. They also found that people with a high sensitivity to the taste of fat tended to eat less fatty foods and were less likely to be overweight
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Ustekinumab Improves Sexual Dysfunction in Patients With Psoriasis
Medscape Psychiatry & Mental Health HeadlinesQuality of life is improved with the interleukin-12 inhibitor ustekinumab, including an improvement in sexual dysfunction, even in women.
Medscape Medical News -
Combination Therapy in Alzheimer's Patients Significantly Eases Caregiver Distress
Medscape Psychiatry & Mental Health HeadlinesCaregiver distress is significantly attenuated when Alzheimer's disease patients are treated with a combination of memantine plus a cholinesterase inhibitor vs cholinesterase inhibitor monotherapy.
Medscape Medical News -
Quetiapine Linked to More Rapid Onset of Metabolic Disturbances in Elderly Patients
Medscape Psychiatry & Mental Health HeadlinesThe use of quetiapine is associated with more rapid onset of metabolic disturbances than other antipsychotics in elderly patients.
Medscape Medical News -
Senate Delays Medicare Pay Cut Until October 1
Medscape Psychiatry & Mental Health HeadlinesIf the House concurs and President Obama signs the measure into law, it will be the third time in 4 months that lawmakers have postponed the reduction.
Medscape Medical News -
Medicare Part D Has Not Improved Access to Medication Among Beneficiaries With Depression
Medscape Psychiatry & Mental Health HeadlinesAccess to medication has not improved among Medicare beneficiaries with depressive symptoms despite efforts to do with the introduction of Medicare Part D.
Medscape Medical News
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Can We Rely on fMRI?
Research Blogging - Psychology - EnglishCraig Bennett (of Prefrontal.org) and Michael Miller, of dead fish brain scan fame, have a new paper out: How reliable are the results from functional magnetic resonance imaging?Tal over at the [citation needed] blog has an excellent in-depth discussion of the paper, and Mind Hacks has a good summary, but here's my take on what it all means in practical terms.Suppose you scan someone's brain while they're looking at a picture of a cat. You find that certain parts of their brain are activated to a certain degree by looking at the cat, compared to when they're just lying there with no picture.
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Do Baby Einstein DVDs work? Exposing infants to educational dvds may affect their language development.
Child Psychology Research BlogA few weeks ago I wrote a study that showed that exposing premature babies to Mozart music may lead to metabolic changes that facilitate weight gain and better medical outcomes. That study is an example of one credible and positive outcome that came out of the “Mozart effect’ craze. Unfortunately, most of the other claims, such as that listening to Mozart improves intelligence, have been discredited.
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Path Integration in Humans
Research Blogging - Psychology - EnglishI know you’ve all been waiting for it. We’ve talked about putting ants on stilts, kidnapping baby gerbils, and hijacking a truck full of geese. All in the name of science. Ants and gerbils taught us about the limitations of the path integration system, but also how amazingly cool it is. The geese suggested that [...]...
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Back to blightly
Mind HacksApologies if updates are a little irregular, as I'm currently on my way back to the UK for a three week visit. This is largely because I've been asked to speak to the 'All-Party Parliamentary Group on Scientific Research in Learning and Education' about the evidence for whether computer games are damaging kids' brains. I kid you not.
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Are emotions in music universal?
Research Blogging - Psychology - EnglishWhile there are plenty of theories on how music and emotion might be related (see Juslin & Västfjäll, 2008 for a overview), there is still little empirical support to decide on how far music and specific associated emotions - such as happiness, fear, sadness or anger - are merely a result of association and/or culturally determined, or in fact shared and a result of brain mechanisms that we all share.
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Bridging the intention behaviour gap: Planning, self-efficacy, and action control in the adoption and maintenance of physical exercise
Research Blogging - Psychology - EnglishIn this paper from 2005 Sniehottaet al. examine why although some people develop an intention to change their health behaviour many do not follow through from intention to action. The gap between the intention and behaviour has been called the ‘‘intention–behaviour gap.’’ The authors examine factors which can be used to reduce the gap. They examine action planning, perceived self-efficacy, and self-regulatory strategies to investigate what effect these can have on reducing disparity between intention and behaviour.
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The remote rural community that thinks letting someone die is as bad as killing them
BPS Research DigestIn recent years, cognitive scientist Marc Hauser has gathered evidence that suggests we're born with a moral instinct.
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In the Exploratorium's distorted room
Mind HacksThe San Francisco Exploratorium is the Mind Hacks of science museums - every exhibit is hands on, giving you the chance to experiment with and experience for yourself scientific principles.
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The remote rural community that thinks letting someone die is as bad as killing them
Research Blogging - Psychology - EnglishIn recent years cognitive scientist Marc Hauser has gathered evidence that suggests we're born with a moral instinct. This moral intuition has been likened to the universal grammar that Chomsky famously suggested underlies our linguistic abilities - certain principles are set in stone, whilst the precise parameters can be set by culture.
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How cannabis makes thoughts tumble
Mind HacksCannabis smokers often report that when stoned, their thoughts have a free-wheeling quality and concepts seem connected in unusual and playful ways. A study just published online in Psychiatry Research suggests that this effect may be due to the drug causing 'fast and loose' patterns of spreading activity in memory, something known as 'hyper-priming'.
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Thomas Metzinger explores Consciousness on BSP 67
Brain Science Podcast -
Happy People Talk More Seriously
60-Second Psych -
2010-03-06 Stressed out! The powerful biology of stress
All in the Mind -
Explore Consciousness with Thomas Metzinger
Brain Science Podcast -
Why Does Schizophrenia Appear in Young Adults?
60-Second Psych -
#231 – The Meditating Brain with Richard Davidson
Shrink Rap Radio Psychology Interviews: Exploring brain, body, mind, spirit, intuition, leadership, research, psychotherapy and more! -
2010-02-27 When Your Mind is Not Your Own: Community Treatment Orders
All in the Mind -
Episode 117: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder – An Interview with Bobbi
The Psych Files Podcast -
Health Insurers Have Banner Year- Did You Make More Money In 2009?
The Shrink Is In- The Podcast Voice of Psychology -
Fighting Crime with Math
60-Second Psych
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new book – ‘See What I’m Saying: The Extraordinary Powers of Our Five Senses’
my mind on books -
new book – ‘Cro-Magnon: How the Ice Age Gave Birth to the First Modern Humans’
my mind on books -
Parent-Child Interaction Therapy(McNeil et al.)
Springer Psychology titles -
International Handbook of Anger
Springer Psychology titles -
Pediatric Neuropsychology Case Studies
Springer Psychology titles -
new book – ‘Reality Hunger: A Manifesto’
my mind on books -
‘Fascinate’
my mind on books -
new book – ‘Supernormal Stimuli: How Primal Urges Overran Their Evolutionary Purpose’
my mind on books -
new book – ‘The Art of Choosing’ by Sheena Iyengar
my mind on books -
new book – ‘The Brain and the Meaning of Life’
my mind on books